无压灌溉埋管深度的机理性研究及大田试验

通过室内试验和大田试验,研究了无压灌溉方式下埋管深度对水分运移和作物生长的影响机理。结果表明,在不同埋深时湿润体形状均为球冠,但球冠高度不同;湿润体内含水率均在埋管深度附近达到最大值,并以灌水器所在平面为对称面对称分布;埋管深度对番茄根系的生长分布、早期生物量的积累和后期干物质在果实和茎叶中的分配比例都有影响;埋深10 cm时,番茄的水分利用效率、产量和品质最大,是温室番茄的最佳埋深。     

维生素K3对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同水平的维生素K3 对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响.在以豆粕和鱼粉为蛋白质源的基础饲料(维生素K1 含量为0.54 mg/kg)中分别添加0、5、10、20、40、80和2 000 mg/kg的维生素K3(甲萘醌烟酰胺亚硫酸盐),配制成7种试验饲料.选取初始体重为(2.58±0.16...     

MEASUREMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CATS USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND DUAL ENERGY X‐RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a reference method for assessing body composition but is seldom `accessible in veterinary settings. Computed tomography (CT) can provide similar body composition estimates and we propose that it can be used in body composition studies in animals. We compared CT and DEXA data from 73 healthy adult neutered domestic cats. Three approaches for measuring adipose tissue percentage from full‐body CT scans were explored. By examining the frequency distribution of voxels by Hounsfield unit (HU) value, it is possible to calculate a fat index (Fat%) that is in close agreement with the fat percentages obtained from DEXA scans. Fat% values obtained by the best of the methods had a mean difference of 0.96% (95% confidence interval 0.33–1.59%) from the DEXA results. Fat% obtained by the other two methods were characterized by good correlation but poor agreement and in one of the methods, the difference between the values from the two modalities was proportional to their mean. By using CT, it is possible to obtain body composition estimates that are in close agreement with those available using DEXA. While the significance of individual Fat% measurements obtained from CT can be difficult to interpret and to compare between centers, CT can contribute to research studies concerned either with nutrition or with obesity‐related disorders.     

The effects of chronic intermittent noise exposure on broiler chicken performance

Effects of different noise levels (70 or 80 dB) that broilers were exposed to during the entire fattening period and also the effect of the timing of the first exposure to intermittent noise in the course of fattening (day 1 vs. day 7) were monitored. After 7 days of exposure to intermittent noise, experimental chickens already showed a significant decrease in live body weight in comparison with the control group. The difference between the group exposed to intermittent noise at 70 dB and the group exposed to 80 dB levels was not statistically significant, although the mean live body weight of broilers in the latter was lower during the entire fattening period. The chickens exposed to intermittent noise from day 1 of age showed lower mean live weight throughout the fattening period compared to chickens exposed to the same level of intermittent noise only from day 7 of age, although at the end of fattening the difference was statistically significant only in chickens exposed to the higher level of intermittent noise (80 dB).     

微卫星标记与永康灰鹅体重、体尺及屠体状的相关分析

采用最小二乘分析法,分析了30对鹅微卫星标记与永康灰鹅体重、体尺和屠宰性能的关联性。结果表明：30对引物中,有28条引物表现丰富的多态性,其中有16个标记与永康灰鹅体重和体尺的8个性状存在不同程度的相关;3个标记分别与屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率等5个屠宰性状存在不同程度的相关。这些标记位点可能是控制永康灰鹅体重、体尺和屠宰性状的主效基因,或与控制性状的主效基因连锁。     

优质鸡体脂分布评价指标的筛选

体脂分布可作为优质肉鸡选育的重要指标.向高肌内脂肪、低腹脂、低皮下脂肪型体脂分布方向进行鸡种选育,是当今优质肉鸡育种工作的紧迫任务.本研究通过测定鸡脂肪在体内的分布情况,并进行了相关性分析,结果表明:不同品系母鸡皮脂率、腹脂率、IMFx含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中腹脂率//IMFx值与腹脂率和皮脂率均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与IMFx呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),说明这一指标能够在一定程度上反映脂肪在腹部、肌内和皮下的分布状况.因此,确定腹脂率/IMFx值可作为一个有效的指标来衡量优质鸡的体脂分布,即作为优质鸡品系选育及杂交选育的评价指标之一.     

BMPR-IB基因多态性与河北肉用绵羊产羔数及羔羊生长发育的相关性研究

为了研究BMPR-IB基因单核苷酸多态性及其对绵羊产羔数和羔羊生长发育的影响,试验采用PCR-RFLP方法对小尾寒羊、杜泊、德克赛尔及河北肉用绵羊的BMPR-IB基因单核苷酸多态性进行了测定,并对BMPR-IB基因多态性与河北肉用绵羊产羔数和生长发育的关系进行了研究。结果表明:基因型频率在各品种间分布极不平衡,BB基因型河北肉用绵羊群体的总体平均产羔数显著高于B+基因型(P<0.05),极显著高于++基因型群体(P<0.01);90日龄时,++基因型河北肉用绵羊的胸宽和腰角宽显著高于B+基因型群体(P<0.05)。说明BMPR-IB基因的基因型对河北肉用绵羊羔羊的生长发育有一定影响。     

芜湖市镜湖底泥TN、TP、重金属污染及其对上覆水体的影响

采集镜湖底泥及水样,研究底泥中重金属的污染现状,分析底泥TN、TP重金属与上覆水体相同成分的相关性,结果表明：（1）镜湖底泥TN、TP与水体TN、TP含量呈有著相关性,底泥N？P释放再悬浮是镜湖水体TN、TP来源之一。（2）镜湖除Cd严重超标外,Cu？Zn？Pb含量都很低;Cd（n）与Cd（w）有较好的负相关性,Cu（n）与Cu（w）？Zn（n）与Zn（w）？Pb（n）与Pb（w）相关性差。本研究为有关部门治理和管理镜湖提供理论依据。     

Correlates of extinction risk and hunting pressure in gamebirds (Galliformes)

The 284 species of Galliformes are a highly threatened group of birds subject to direct exploitation for food, sport and cultural practices. The impact of hunting is often assumed to contribute to the high percentage of species (26.4%) listed as threatened with extinction in the IUCN Red List. We take a macroecological approach to examine the anthropogenic and ecological correlates of extinction risk and hunting pressure using linear and stepwise regression. Independent contrasts are analysed, as well as raw species data, to control for the potential confounding influence of phylogenetic trends. Extinction risk is found to be predicted both by the ecological factors considered (e.g., latitudinal range, body mass, elevational range, habitat use) and secondarily by human factors (e.g., human population density, total calorie intake, composition of diet). Hunting pressure itself is also predicted well for the threatened species by several of the anthropogenic and ecological variables. The study demonstrates that human variables can be used successfully to predict extinction risk, and represent an improvement upon methods which examine ecological variables alone. Furthermore, we show that individual threats can be explored using similar techniques, providing a more detailed insight into the processes leading to extinction. As applied to the Galliformes, both approaches provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that hunting pressure has contributed to the high proportion of threatened species in this group, and thus reinforce the case for urgent measures to reduce the impacts of direct exploitation upon these birds.     

泰安市风化花岗片麻岩坡耕地暴雨与径流泥沙关系研究

泰安市风化花岗片麻岩坡耕地暴雨与径流泥沙关系研究张永轩，张玉梅，万继臣，谢厚国（山东省泰安市水土保持科学研究所，２７１０００）为了探索泰安市山丘区不同坡度坡耕地在不同降雨条件下水土流失形成的关系，为进一步研究防治水土流失以及坡耕地的合理利用提供科学依...